Walden NUR6501 week 1 quiz (Perfect Answer)

QuestionQuestion 1How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?a. By passive electrolyte channelsb. By coupled channelsc. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)d. By diffusionQuestion 21 out of 1 pointsWhat causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.Question 31 out of 1 pointsA patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?a. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterusb. Increased paternal agec. Family history of Down syndromed. Pregnancy in women over age 35Question 4In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?a. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.b. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its ability to carry hemoglobin.c. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows binding of excess glucose.d. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs its life span beyond 120 daysQuestion 51 out of 1 pointsDuring childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.a. Physiologicb. Pathologicc. Disused. NeurogenicQuestion 61 out of 1 pointsA nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?a. The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic diseaseb. The individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normalc. The phenotype of genetic materiald. The codominanceQuestion 7A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?a. K+ rushing into the cellb. Na+ rushing into the cellc. Na+ rushing out of the celld. K+ rushing out of the cellQuestion 81 out of 1 pointsA 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?a. XYb. XXc. XYYd. XXYQuestion 91 out of 1 pointsWhen a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.a. X-linked dominantb. X-linked recessivec. Autosomal dominantd. Autosomal recessiveQuestion 101 out of 1 pointsA runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?a. Electron-transport chainb. Aerobic glycolysisc. Anaerobic glycolysisd. Oxidative phosphorylationQuestion 111 out of 1 pointsWhy is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassiumd. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cellQuestion 121 out of 1 pointsWhat is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and developmentb. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cyclec. Restrain cell growth and developmentd. Provide nutrients for cell growth and developmentQuestion 130 out of 1 pointsA nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)b. Active diffusionc. Passive osmosisd. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)Question 141 out of 1 pointsA 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:a. Penetranceb. Recurrence riskc. Expressivityd. Delayed age of onsetQuestion 151 out of 1 pointsThe nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?a. Paternal nondisjunctionb. Maternal translocationsc. Maternal nondisjunctiond. Paternal translocationsQuestion 161 out of 1 pointsA patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?a. Prader-Willi syndromeb. Down syndromec. Cri du chat syndromed. Trisomy XQuestion 17A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?a. Mitochondriab. Ribosomec. Nucleolusd. Nucleus CytoplasmQuestion 18The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:a. Sodiumb. Potassiumc. Chlorided. GlucoseQuestion 19A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese).Which of the following is the most likely cause?a. Coagulative necrosisb. Liquefactive necrosisc. Caseous necrosisd. AutonecrosisQuestion 20A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?a. Become hydratedb. Swell or burstc. Shrinkd. DivideQuestion 21The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in:a. increased aerobic metabolism.b. failure of DNA.c. reduced protein synthesis.d. increased Na+-K+ pump function.Question 22After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).a. only be a carrier of theb. have a mild form of thec. have twod. be sterile as a result of theQuestion 23A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?a. Down syndromeb. Cri du chat syndromec. Turner syndromed. Fragile X syndromeQuestion 24Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:a. decreased ATP production.b. karyorrhexis.c. ribosome detachment.d. dehydration.Question 25An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?a. Penetranceb. Expressivityc. Dominanced. Recessiveness