NAPSRxx Final Exam Quiz Solution [(***** 142/160 Correct Answers *****)] Latest Solution

Answer Marked in Yellow Color1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes?A. first by the conditions that they are used to treat. and then by their mechanisms of action B. first by their mechanisms of action. and then by their therapeutic effectsC. first by their side effects. and then by their therapeutic effects D. first by their toxicity. and then by their effectiveness2. Bone marrow transplants…A. require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells and promote white blood cell production.B. are a type of stem cell therapy. unless patient’s own cells are reinjected.C. are always a type of stem cell therapy.D. can help people with leukemia. a condition in which the body does not produce enough white blood cells.3. What does AMA stand for?A. American Medical AcademyB. American Medical AccreditationC. American Medical AssociationD. Association of Medical Assistants4. What section of a drug’s package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?A. adverse reactionsB. contraindicationsC. overdosageD. warning/precautions5 What is tertiary care?A. adding medications together to achieve a better clinical effectB.highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problemsC. receiving medical or surgical care that does not require an overnight stay in the treatment facilityD. seeing a physician for routine checkups and general healthcare6. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy covered in your manual?A. brand personalityB. brand positoning C.brand qualityD. brand values7 What are vasodilators used to do?A. decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow B. mimic pathogens to stimulate the immune systemC. narrow the blood vesselsD.stimulate the CNS to make the heart beat faster8. What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become fairly constant?A. homeostasisB.steady state C. titrationD. tolerance9. Which statement is TRUE about ocular administration?A. Ocular administration is primarily for drugs that must cross the blood-brain barrier.B. Ocular administration is used primarily to treat the eye.C. Ocular administration is used when a drug must enter the bloodstream immediately.D. Ocular administration is used when a drug must produce immediate effects on the brain or spinal cord.10. Which entities invest’s the most money in pharmaceutical R&D?A. Canadian pharmaceutical companiesB. the NIHC. the U.S. GovernmentD.U.S. pharmaceutical companies11. How are most drugs excreted?A. via the bloodstream B. via the heartC. via the kidneysD. via the skin12. Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations on sales’ reps discussions about off label uses?A. Limitations have decreased.B. Limitations have increased significantly.C. Limitations have increased slightly.D. Limitations have remained about the same.13. Answer: Branding name14. What does it mean if two drugs are at parity?A. Both drugs are essentially in a neutral position.B. Both drugs are generics.C. Both drugs have exclusive preferred status.D. The two drugs are bioequivalent.15 Who is most likely to benefit from electronic sampling programs?A. Everyone would benefit equally from electronic sampling programsB. physicians in hospitals who are too busy to see representativesC. physicians in rural areas who are not as frequently visited by representatives D. physicians in urban areas who are too busy to see representatives16. When referring to medication dosage, which abbreviation means “one-half’:A.MS B.OH C. SMD. SS17 What is an internist?A. a physician who practices internal medicineB. a physician’s internC. a type of oncologist who specializes in chemotherapyD. an internal sales representative18. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell? A. erythrocytesB. insulinC. LymphocytesD.HCs19. Why are novice sales representatives often placed in charge of negotiating MCO formularies?A. to become more familiar with the healthcare industryB. to become more familiar with their territoriesC. P&T committees are more receptive to new faces.D. They are not. This job is usually reserved for more experienced reps.20. What distinguishes pharmacodynamics from pharmacokinetics? A. Pharmacodynamics studies a drug’s ex vivo effects.B. Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs affect the body.C. Pharmacodynamics studies the how the body affects drugs.D. Pharmacodynamics studies the time required for a drug’s absorption.21 What proportion of the drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by the FDA?A. about 20%B. about 60%C. about 70%D. about 95%22. According to a study discussed in your manual, how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples?A. by borrowing them from hospitalsB. by ordering them over the InternetC. by trading them for servicesD.directly from sales representatives23. Which of the following is an example of a central value?A. I buy Advil to show that I’m a modern consumer.B. I like Advil because we were both born in the 80s.C. I prefer Advil because I like the flavor.D. I prefer Advil because it’s easier to swallow.24. Which of the following specialties likely has the MOST emergency calls?A. cardiologyB. psychiatryC. urologyD. All specialists have the same number of emergency calls.25. What affects the rate of active transport?A. the availability of carriers. but not energyB. the availability of energy. but not carriers C. the availability of carriers and energyD. neither the availability of carriers nor the availability of energy26. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs?A. It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products.B. It has been lengthened to limit DTC marketingC. It has been shortened to improve drug qualityD. It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development.27. Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance?A. patients liking their providersB. patients using only one pharmacistC. pharmacists understanding how generics differ from brand name drugsD.  support groups 28. Which entity chooses a drug’s trade name?A. the drug’s inventorB. the drug’s manufacturerC.the FDAD. the United States Pharmaceutical Council29. What type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type?A. multipotentB.  pluripotentC. totipotentD. All stem cells can develop into any cell type.30. As the price a patient pays for a prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood that the patient will fill it?A. It decreases.B. It increases.C. It remains unaffected because the prescription is needed. D. It remains unaffected because the prescription’s increased cost is offset by its perceived value.31. Most involuntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue?A. cardiac and smoothB. only skeletalC. skeletal and cardiacD. skeletal and smooth32. Which of the following is NOT one of the body’s major organ systems?A. the cardiovascular systemB. the cellular systemC. the gastrointestinal systemD.  the musculoskeletal system33. How do most drugs exert their primary physiological effects?A.  by activating synapses between different types of tissuesB. by binding to cell receptors that are sensitive to their presenceC. by inhibiting synapses between different types of tissuesD.  through genetic mutation 34. What is the most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products?A. AMA guideB. Blue BookC. FDA drug listD.  Orange Book35. What does subcutaneous mean?A. beneath the interventionB. beneath the muscle tissueC. beneath the outer skinD. beneath the suture36. What should a sales representative do if all of the prime spaces in a drug cabinet are coccupied?A. ask staff for permission to move some of the other products in the cabinet B. ask staff for permission to throw away expired products in the cabinetC. ask the doctor if he still needs some of the other products in the cabinetD. surreptitiously move your largest competitors’ products out of the way37. It is inappropriate for physicians’ prescribing behaviors to be educated by their personal tastes and idiosyncrasiesA. TRUEB. FALSE38.The FDA defines API as the active__ ingredient in a drug, which produces the desired change in the body.A. pharmaceutical B. positiveC. potentD.  primary39. What are the 2 legal classifications of wholesalers?A. distributors and supply chains B. pharmacists and NAMsC. primary and secondary wholesale distributors D. retailers and institutions40.What term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA-approved indications on the labeling?A. contraindicative indicationB. off-indication usageC or D. off-label41. What is the acronym for pharmacokinetics?A. KNB. PCC. PKD. pT42. The dosage range of a drug that is both safe and beneficial is known as the therapeutic window.A. TRUEB. FALSE43. What is typically NOT a characteristic of a pharmaceutical sales rep?A. Pharmaceutical sales reps are authentic and real. B. Pharmaceutical sales reps are creative.C. Pharmaceutical sales reps are focused.D. Pharmaceutical sales reps are not concerned about competitors.44. What entity grants drug patents?A. the FDAB. the FDA if the drug is over-the-counter and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is prescription C. the FDA if the drug is prescription and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is over-the-counterD. the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office45. Which of the following refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients in a drug, including fillers and colors?A. formulationB. mycoplasmaC. peptideD. saccharide46. What is the difference between potency and efficacy?A. Doctors prefer more potent drugs.B. Drug manufacturers prefer more potent drugs.C. Potency refers to the drug’s effectiveness. while efficacy refers to its strength.D. Potency refers to the drug’s strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness.47. What is the minimum level of education required for a nurse practitioner?A. a certification programB. an associate’s degree               C. a bachelor’s degreeD. a graduate degree48. How many names must a drug have?A. at most three B. at least threeC. at most five D. at least five49. How has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market?Answer: Increasing the cost of capitalExplaination (Option Not taken so find out in below para): Lengthening development time dramatically increase the cost of bringing a new drug to market by increasing the cost of capital needed for R&D. The cost of capital increases as companies are exposed to Economic Risk and uncertainty over a longer period of development time. Stringent FDA guideline and long approval times have greatly increased the cost of developing new drugs.50. Senior citizens consume over times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65.A. threeB. fiveC. ten D. fifteen51. What agency regulates the distribution and use of narcotics?A. DEA B. FTCC. OIGD.TSA52. What is passive diffusion?A. a type of pinocytosis B. membrane transport via vesiclesC. the use of energy to help a substance pass from a low concentration gradient to a high oneD. when a substance freely moves through a membrane from a high concentration gradient to a low one53. What are the MAIN categories of drugs under FDA jurisdiction?A. active drugs and active placebosB. biopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticalsC. non-prescription and nutraceuticalsD. prescription and non prescription54. Answer: Oxytocin55. What are all metabolites?A. active substancesB. inactive substancesC. injectionsD. products of metabolism56. When a drug is administered orally, where does first-pass metabolism occur?A. intestineB. liver C. pancreasD. stomach57. What is the medical term for swelling?A. assayB. edemaC. instillationD. protease58. Which of the following is NOT part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion?A. be a consultant. not a repB. identify what your product does C. reflectD. visualize the power of 1059. Which part of a clinical research paper is frequently referred to as the road map?A. abstractB. findingsC. letter to the editorD .methods60. Which of the following is a main active ingredient in lung surfactants?A. animal lung extractB.  germicidesC.  sympathomimetic drugsD.  theophylline61. What does parenteral mean? A. child prescriptionsB. injectionC. oralD. tablet62. Which term denotes a type of substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen?A. adjuvantB. indicatedC. ligaseD peptide63. If a sales representative’s product is placed on the second tier of a standard three-tier formulary, which of the following is most likely true?A. It has not been reviewed by the P&T committee.B. It is in a neutral position unless it is at parity with other drugs.C. It probably has exclusive preferred status if it is not at parity with any other drugs.D. It will essentially sell itself if it is granted exclusive preferred status.64. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic transport mechanisms? A. active transportB. homeostasisC. passive diffusionD. pinocytosis65. Which statement accurately describes a relationship between drug agonists and antagonists?A. Agonists and antagonists can be used together.B. Agonists and antagonists should not be used together.C. Antagonist drugs activate receptors. while agonists block access to receptors.D. Antagonists are endogenous whereas agonists are man-made.66. What is the study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body? A. anatomyB. antologyC. clinical pharmacology D. pathology67. According to your manual, what is a common complaint that physicians have about traditional sampling methods?A. that drug sample supply is too unpredictable B. that patients are less likely to take free samples because they think they are lower qualityC. that patients do not like seeing drug representatives in their officesD. that they receive too many drug samples68. Which of these entities is formed by two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities to negotiate reduced rates with its aggregated purchasing power?A. GPO B. In-state wholesaler C. PPOD. RPO69. What is another name for a drug derived from a biologic compound? A. large moleculeB. oligonucleotideC. orgaanismD. small molecule70. What is the most common policy regarding pharmaceutical reps dispensing drug samples in hospitals? A. By federal law. drug sampling is permitted in all hospitals.B. By federal law. it is up to individual physicians. not the hospital.C. Drug sampling is encouraged. but not required.D. Drug sampling is often forbidden.71 Which of the following would help you build trust with a physician?A. asking if he or she is having any problems with the managed care coverage of your products B. repeating a question you already askedC. surprising the office staff with a new poster in the break roomD. None of these would help you build trust with a physician.72. What term denotes the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or life-threatening side effects?A. dose-response relationshipB. margin of safetyC. the placebo effect D. therapeutic window73. What are excipients?A. a type of cell receptor to which antagonists bind to decrease the effects of the body’s natural agonistsB. another term for generic equivalents C. sites of action besides the target sites of actionD.the inert ingredients in a drug formulation74. What is another term for the AWP?A. dock-to-dock priceB. float priceC. list priceD. non-stock price75. Which of these is the most likely use for auterotonic agent?A. to induce laborB. to make the urine more alkalineC. to supplement oral food intakeD. to treat hyperthyroidism76. As of November 2013, which of these countries has legalized DTC advertising of prescription drugs?A. CanadaB. JapanC. SpainD. none of these77. Why are oral drugs often taken on an empty stomach?A.  to be more wholly absorbed by the stomach B. to minimize absorption by the intestineC.  to minimize nauseaD.to pass through the stomach more quickly78. What is one factor that differentiates community health centers from hospitals?A.  Community health center formularies are more restrictive. B. Community health centers have higher reimbursement rates.C. Newer brand name drugs are easier to access at community health centers.D. None of these79. How does drug sampling provide a social benefit? A. Doctors donate their unused drug samples to charities.B. Doctors often use drug samples to treat patients who otherwise could not afford it. C. It allows patients to try out different prescription medications before consulting with physicians.D.  Drug sampling provides a social benefit in all of these ways.80. Which medical term denotes the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart?A. auscultationB. cardioversionC. catheterizationD. echocardiography81. What do enteric coatings do?A. facilitate vomitingB. help drugs dissolve in the stomach C. help drugs enter the bloodstream more quicklyD. prevent dissolution in the stomach82. What is the duration of exclusivity for orphan drugs?A.  6 months B. 1 yearC.  7 yearsD.  15 years83. What do National Account Managers do?A. act as the sales reps’ primary point of contact with the rest of the corporationB. manage the FDA approval processC. negotiate contracts with MCOs and PBMsD.  sell only to pharmacies84. What does it usually mean if a drug recall is voluntary?A. Pharmacies may choose whether to return the drug or dispense it.B. The FDA has determined that the drug is perfectly safe. but ineffective.C. The manufacturer has recalled the product on its own. but negotiated with the FDA beforehand.D. The manufacturer has recalled the product without negotiating with the FDA.85. Which phase of clinical trials is also known as the pivotal phase?A. Phase IB. Phase IIIC Phase IVD. Phase IX86. During which phase of clinical trials is the new drug’s safety and effectiveness first tested in the target group?A. preclinicalB. Phase IC. Phase IID. Phase III87. How do antacids work?A. by increasing blood flow to the stomachB. by lowering gastric pHC. by raising gastric pHD. by suppressing cholesterol formation by the liver88. What is one of the biggest time wasters for a pharmaceutical sales rep?A. CaterersB. PharcistsC. receptionistsD. travel time89. What happens when equilibrium is reached?A.  equal numbers of molecules cross the membrane in both directionsB.  molecules stop moving C. the concentration gradient decreases indefinitely D. the concentration gradient increases indefinitely90. What are the most common vectors used in gene therapy?A.  autologous antigensB. liposomesC. naked DNAD. viruses91. What is the percentage fee that the dispenser pays the wholesaler for distribution?A. margin feeB. rechargeC. standard feeD. upcharge92. What is the difference between a chronic (or continuing) reaction, and a delayed reaction?A. Chronic reactions are exaggerated. whereas delayed reactions are idiosyncratic. B. Chronic reactions occur only during treatment. whereas delayed reactions only occur during withdrawal.C. Chronic reactions persist for a long time. whereas delayed reactions take some time to develop. D. Delayed reactions are always idiosyncratic. but chronic reactions are not.93 What is clinical effect?A. federally funded research condition B. the effect of maximum dosage C. the response produced by a medicationD. the use of treatment drugs in chemotherapy94. Which of the following is an example of noncompliance?A. a patient forgetting to take a drug at a specified time of dayB. a patient taking a drug. but only because it has been court-mandated C. a pharmacist dispensing a generic equivalent of a drug instead of the brand nameD. a physician refusing to prescribe a drug because he or she does not trust the clinical studies on it95. What is the average circulation time of blood?A. about a minuteB. about 5 minutesC. about 5 to 10 minutes depending on the patient’s age and health conditionsD. about 10 minutes96. What is one way in which pharmaceutical selling is different from selling in most other industries?A. In pharmaceutical sales. the decisions-makers. consumers. and payers are usually the same entity. B. Pharmaceutical selling takes less time because doctors are so busy.C. Representatives do NOT sell to the end user of the product.D. Representatives DO sell to the end user of the product.97. From what types of entities do primary wholesale distributors buy most of their drugs?A. brokeragesB. buying clubs C. manufacturersD. physicians98.What is the Office of the Inspector General (01G)?A. a department in pharmaceutical companiesB. an arm of the Department of Health and Human ServicesC. an arm of the European Medicines Agency D an arm of the FDA99. What are doctors required to consider when deciding whether or not to prescribe a particular drug?A. quantity of life over quality of life B. that no drugs with adverse effects should ever be used C. the inferiority of OTC drugsD. the severity of the disorder being treated and the effect it has on the patient’s quality of life100. Which entity assigns a new drug its generic names?A. the drug’s inventor B. the Food and Drug AdministrationC. the United States Adopted Name CouncilD. the United States Pharmaceutical Council101. Drugs can be used days beyond their expiration date.A.  2-7 days. depending on the most current monograph.B.  2-90 days. depending on state lawsC. 7-90 days. depending on the type of drug and its therapeutic class.D. none of these102. What is necessary for a drug to be excreted extensively via the kidneys? A. The drug must be water-soluble. and not bind too tightly to proteins in the bloodstream.B. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and be non-water-soluble.C. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and bind well to proteins in the bloodstream.D. The drug must not be water-soluble.103. Which organization or individual initiates the clinical trial and finances the study?A. clinical research organizationB. investigator C. researcherD. sponsor104. The name describes the atomic or molecular structure of a drug.A. chemicalB.  genericC. pharmaceuticalD. proprietary105. Under PhRMA Code, is it acceptable or unacceptable for a pharmaceutical sales rep to take a physician and the physician’s spouse to a fundraising dinner?A. acceptable if only the physician attendsB. acceptable if only the physician attends. and the total is under $100C. acceptable if the total is under $100D. unacceptable106. The Hatch-Waxman Act is considered the most significant drug-related affecting the pharmaceutical industry since 1962.A. experimentB. legislationC. processD. research107. What term denotes the the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body?A. caliberB. chronicityC. indicationD. toxicity108. What issue has MOST encouraged consumers’ desire to see more OTC medications? A. a weaker patients’ rights movement B.lack of insurance coverage C. less reliance on the InternetD. proliferation of herbal remedies109. What is the degree to which a medication produces a therapeutic effect?A. diffusionB. efficacyC. protease D. vector110. What is the most important benefit of electronic prescribing?A. Choice B. costC. inquiriesD.  safety111. When does the FDA regulate generic drugs? A. only if they are branded genericsB. only if they have been contestedC. alwaysD never112. Which phase of trials largely determines the clinical dose?A. preclinical trialsB. Phase II trialsC. Phase III trialsD. Phase IV trials113. What is an advantage of inactivated vaccines over attenuated vaccines?A.  Inactivated vaccines are less expensive to prepare.B. Inactivated vaccines have a higher probability of eliciting the desired immunological response.C. Inactivated vaccines have a more stable shelf life.D.  Inactivated vaccines only require a single dose.114. Which medical term denotes a low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow?A. potentiationB. ischemia C. TIDD. titration115. What are the two main types of prescription drug marketing?A. (1) marketing to insurance companies. and (2) marketing to pharmacies B. (1) PBM marketing. and (2) marketing to governments C. (1) professional physician promotions. and (2) direct-to-consumer advertising D. (1) publicly-funded marketing. and (2) physician-funded marketing116. What is the site of delivery for subcutaneous injections?A. fatty tissuebeneath the surface of the skinB.  lymphatic tissue C. muscle tissue D. the stomach, via a special type of needle117. What must be contained in the Description section of a pharmaceutical package insert?A. adverse effectsB. mechanism of actionC. pharmacokineticsD. the proprietary name and the established name118. What is the study of a medication’s effects as it travels through the body?A. pharmacodynamicsB. pharmacogenetics C. pharmacogenomics D. pharmacokinetics119. Customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. This is called the  A. closing of the sale B. first time advantageC. likeability factorD. power of knowledge120. What is penicillin’s primary mechanism of action?A. It disturbs bacterial cell wall synthesis.B It inhibits the production of viruses.C. It prevents proper DNA replication.D. It sends a messenger to the bone marrow to produce extra white blood cells121. According to your manual, how has the U.S. healthcare marketplace changed in the last few decades? A. Fewer and fewer prescription drugs have been made available as OTCs.B. Managed care has been increasingly replaced by more patient-centered approaches.C. The aging Baby Boomer generation has begun demanding more personalized attention.D. There has been decreased emphasis on preventive health.122. How does pharmaceutical marketing help narrow the treatment gap?A. It encourages patients to take more active roles in their healthcare.B. It makes doctors more skeptical of the pharmaceutical industry.C. It makes patients more skeptical of their doctors’ opinions. D. all of these123. What do immunosuppressive agents do?A. decrease risk of infectionB. increase risk of infection C. reduce the risk of rejection of foreign bodiesD. treat psoriasis124. What types of drugs are EGFR inhibitors?A. antineoplasticsB. cardiovascular agentsC. CNS agentsD. mitotic inhibitors125. Which of the following means outside of the living body?A. en vivo B. ex vitroC. ex vivoD. intra vivo126. The FDA requirements for nutraceuticals and medicinal herbs are just as stringent as for pharmaceuticals.A. TRUEB. FALSE127. What is the estimated net gain of private-sector healthcare’s contributions to increased U.S. life expectancy?A. $5-10 billionB. $40-50 billionC. $800-900 billionD.$ 2-5 trillion128. Which statement is TRUE regarding post-approval drug monitoring? A. All side effects are determined during clinical trials. B. Drug manufacturers are only required to report adverse effects if they are severe or life-threatening.C. Drug manufacturers are only required to report adverse effects if they have been proven in clinical studies.D. The FDA can choose to withdraw their approval if new evidence arises.129. Which term denotes when tolerance to one medication causes increased tolerance to another medication?A. cell toleranceB. cross-toleranceC. indicated toleranceD. minimized tolerance130. Patents expire __ years from the date of filing.A. tenB.  fifteenC. twentyD. thirty131. After a trade-name drug’s patent expires, how may generic versions of it be sold?A. only under the branded generic name B. only under the generic nameC. only under the original trade nameD. under the original trade name or a generic name132. What is required for a new pharmaceutical to be considered a viable therapy?A. It causes no serious adverse effects.B. It causes no side effects. C. It has an active placebo.D. It is more effective and/or causes fewer serious adverse effects than other drugs on the market.133. Under the AMA guidelines, who is ultimately responsible for minimizing conflicts of interest?A.  doctors B. lawyers and office managersC. pharmaceutical companies D. sales representatives134. The act of dispensing a pharmaceutical alternative for the product prescribed isA. alternative licensure B. equivalence practiceC.  necessitated substitutionD. pharmaceutical substitution135. What does it mean if a drug is said to have a wide margin of safety?A. Its safety levels have yet to be adequately verified.B. Its safety varies widely among different types of patients. C. There is a greater chance of severe or life-threatening side effects.D. There is a lower chance of severe or life-threatening side effects.136. Which of the following is the correct medical acronym for effective dose?A. DEB. EDC. EFDD. eff D137. Why is one group of subjects given an active drug, while another group only receives a placebo? A. to assess patients’ expectationsB. to assess the drug’s effectivenessC. to assess the professionalism of the study staffD. to assess the subjects’ demographics138. A generic version is likely to have some inactive ingredients that are different from those of the original drug.A. TRUEB. FALSE139. Which of the following is an example of a functional value?A.  I drink Coca-Cola because I am a citizen of the world.B.  I drink Coca-Cola because I like looking like a traditionalist.C.  I drink Coca-Cola because I like the taste.D.  I drink Coca-Cola because it is an international brand.140. Where are most drugs metabolized?A.  interstitial spacesB.  liverC. stomachD .the bloodstream141. What is essential to the ethical requirement that subjects be selected fairly? A. Selection criteria should be well-supported by documented evidence. B. Studies should make every attempt to conduct research on subjects who are underprivileged and in need of medical attention.C. Subjects should be selected based on scientific objectives.D. all of these142. Which of the following is the most appropriate salutation for a cover letter if you cannot find a contact name?A. Dear Personnel Department.B. Dear Sir or Madam,C. Dear SirD.To Whom It May Concern. 143. What is part of becoming an indispensable pharmaceutical sales rep?A. asking for feedbackB. giving the doctors anything they ask for to prescribe your productsC. keeping your market share goals the same each termD. not bothering busy doctors in hospitals144. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the indications and usage section of the package insert information?A. diseases or conditions that the drug is approved to treat B. the drug’s active metabolitesC. the drug’s recommended usual dosageD. the drug’s usual dosage range145. Which term denotes the practice of classifying physicians and other potential prescribers by anticipated prescription volume?A. conditioningB. decilingC. detailingD. private labeling146. What makes a drug eligible for fast track approval from the FDA?A. It is a generic that has already been approved as a branded drug.B. It is a new drug.C. It is less expensive than what is currently on the market.D. It treats patients with a serious. life-threatening condition.147. In the gastrointestinal tract, help break up tablets to ensure full release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.A. binders B. disintegrantsC. dispersing agentsD. lubricants148. According to your manual, what does the PDRP do?A. It educates patients on their treatment options.B. It expands sales representatives’ access to patient information.C. It improves communication between sales representatives and patients in doctors’ offices.D. It limits sales representatives’ abilities to see individual physicians’ prescribing data.149. What are the components of the central nervous system?A. the brain and sense organsB. the brain and spinal cordC. the brain. spinal cord. and peripheral nervous system D. the spinal cord and sense organs150. Which term denotes the origin or cause of a medical condition?A. cytologyB.  discoveryC.  etiologyD. pathology151. Patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes…A.  …do not produce enough insulin because they do not have enough B cells.B.  …have an autoimmune disease.C.  …produce enough insulin. but it is not as effective.D.  …rely on insulin from porcine sources.152. Which DTC pharmaceutical marketing tactic is permitted in European countries?A. disease state adsB. branded billboards and disease state adsC. branded highway billboardsD. branded radio ads153. What is one way in which psychologists DIFFER from psychiatrists? A. Psychologists are more concerned with subconscious memories than conscious ones.B. Psychologists deal more with emotional than physical issues. C. Psychologists deal more with physical issues than emotional ones. D. Psychologists do not have graduate degrees.154. What are PBMs?A. governmental organizations that provide healthcareB. organizations that design marketing campaignsC. organizations that negotiate between pharmaceutical companies and large drug purchasersD. organizations that write FDA new drug applications155. How does the Hatch-Waxman Act protect research-based drug manufacturers? A. by limiting the competitionB. by making it easier to bring generic drugs to marketC. by providing a 30-month cooling off periodD. by requiring the FDA to only look at bioavailability studies when approving an ANDA 156. What is the process of adjusting drug doses to achieve the maximum positive therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse or side effects?A. homeostatic maximizationB. steady stateadministrationC.Sustained releaseD. Titration157. Which of the following is studied more in pharmacodynamics than in pharmacokinetics?A. absorption. Distribution metabolism and excretionB. dose-response effectsC. the transportation of the drug to the specific site for drug-receptor interaction D. the way the human body deals with a drug after it has been administered158. How does the healthy human immune system use MHC markers? A. Substances with MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction. B. Substances with MHC markers as discerned as foreign and quarantined in the liver. C. Substances with MHC markers as discerned as foreign and quarantined in the pancreas.D. Substances without MHC markers are discerned as foreign and targeted for destruction.159. What is a behind-the-counter drug?A. an OTC drug that must be closely monitored by the pharmacist B. another term for a generic prescription drugC. another term for a prescription drugD. another term for an OTC drug160. When do MSLs meet with clinicians?A. at nearly any stage of the product’s life cycleB. only after the district’s sales representativesC. only prior to launchD. MSLs do not meet with physicians.